饮食上的疏忽让我们的体形迅速变化，顺利成为肥胖人群，而肥胖可能是导致我们“先走一步”的罪魁祸首。有研究发现，肥胖被认为是13种不同癌症的罪魁祸首。
关键词：科普；肥胖；癌症；译文；
Obesity is thought to be a primary culprit in 13 different cancers
肥胖被认为是13种不同癌症的罪魁祸首
Countries where incomes are high but physical activity is low - such as the US - have some of the highest rates of obesity
收入高但体力活动低的国家 - 如美国 - 肥胖率最高
In these nations, the rates obesity-linked cancer reach as high as eight percent
在这些国家，与肥胖相关的癌症发病率高达8％
In poorer, more active nations such as Ethiopia India and Southeast Asian countries, rates remain at or below one percent
在较贫穷，活动更多的国家，如埃塞俄比亚、印度和东南亚国家，这一比例仍维持在1%或以下
Being overweight or obese is the culprit of four percent of cancers worldwide, a new study estimates.
一项新的研究估计，超重或肥胖是全球4％癌症的罪魁祸首。
Already, two thirds of Americans and more than two billion people worldwide are overweight or obese, and experts only expect those numbers to rise in the coming decades.
目前，三分之二的美国人以及全球20多亿人超重或肥胖，专家们预计，这一数字在未来几十年还会上升。
Poor diets abound, in the Western world especially, and ascribing to them contributes to risks not only for obesity itself but for seven of the 10 leading causes of death in the US.
特别是在西方世界，不良饮食比比皆是，并且归因于它们不仅会导致肥胖本身的风险，而且会导致美国10种主要死亡原因中的7种。
Now, a global study conducted by Harvard University and Imperial College London suggests that excess body weight isn't just a risk factor, but responsible for 544,300 cancers a year worldwide.
如今，由哈佛大学和伦敦帝国理工学院联合进行的一项全球研究表明，体重超标不仅是一个风险因素，也是全球每年544,300例癌症的罪魁祸首。
But the rates vary significantly. Obesity accounts for nearly seven percent of cancers in the US where citizens are wealthy but inactive - and less than one percent in poorer nations like Ethiopia and India.
但是比例差异很大。在富裕但不爱运动的美国，肥胖占癌症的近7%，而在埃塞俄比亚和印度等较贫穷国家，这一比例还不到1%。。
The authors urge public policy chances to reverse the upward trend of both obesity and its associated cancers.
作者敦促公共政策有可能逆转肥胖及其相关癌症的上升趋势。
In wealthy nations like the US where diet is poor and physical activity is low, like the US and Russia (red), obesity accounts for seven to eight percent of cancers, a new study reveals. It is responsible for less than one percent in India and Southeast Asian nations (blue)
一项新的研究显示，在美国等饮食贫乏、体育活动少的富裕国家，如美国和俄罗斯(红色部分)，肥胖占癌症的7%至8%。在印度和东南亚国家，这一比例不到1%(蓝色)
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the US and other Western countries.
肥胖症在美国和其他西方国家已达到流行的程度。
Identifying a clear start for the epidemic is nearly impossible, but waistlines and BMIs have been growing in the US since the 1970s, when no more than seven percent of the American population was obese and 13 percent was overweight.
几乎不可能为这种流行病找到一个明确的开端，但自20世纪70年代以来，美国人的腰围和BMI一直在增长，当时美国只有不到7%的人肥胖，13%的人超重。
By 1990, obesity rates had more than doubled in the US, to 15 percent of the adult population.
到1990年，美国的肥胖率增加了一倍多，达到成年人口的15％。
In the 20 years since, the problem has quickly escalated. Now, one in three American adults is obese.
在此后的20年里，这一问题迅速升级。现在，三分之一的美国成年人肥胖。
It's pretty clear why being overweight or obese is harmful to the heart and increases risks for diseases like diabetes.
很明显为什么超重或肥胖对心脏有害，并会增加糖尿病等疾病的风险。
But the direct line between excess body weight and cancer remains unclear. The current dominant theories suggest that overweight people's higher insulin and insulin growth factor levels may encourage the growth of cancers, or that obesity-related inflammation itself might be carcinogenic.
但超重与癌症之间的直接关系仍不清楚。目前的主流理论认为，超重人群的胰岛素和胰岛素生长因子水平较高，可能会促进癌症的生长，或者肥胖相关的炎症本身可能致癌。
Overweight women, in particular, may have higher levels of estrogen that contribute to the development of breast and endometrial cancers.
特别是超重的女性，雌激素水平可能更高，从而导致乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的发生。
Previous research has found that there are 13 particular cancers that being overweight or obese raise risks of developing, and recent developments point to being overweight as a likely cause of prostate, oral and esophageal cancers.
以前的研究已经发现，有13种特定的癌症，超重或肥胖会增加其发展的风险，最近的进展表明超重是前列腺癌、口腔癌和食道癌的一个可能原因。
While it did not aspire to working out the mechanism behind high body weight and cancer, the new research does describe the possibilities and presents a wide range of health and lifestyle data suggesting that obesity is causal to cancer - and why matters may only get worse.
尽管这项新研究并不渴望找出高体重和癌症背后的机制，但它确实描述了各种可能性，并提供了大量健康和生活方式数据，表明肥胖与癌症有关 - 以及为什么事情可能只会变得更糟。
For example, the researchers identified wealth as the most significant driver of obesity - though its effects vary regionally - and, in turn, in obesity-related cancers.
例如，研究人员发现，财富是肥胖最重要的驱动因素 - 虽然其影响因地区而异 - 反过来，肥胖相关的癌症也是如此。
In wealthy Western countries, rates of obesity are particularly high, as is the proportion of cancers related to obesity.
在富裕的西方国家，肥胖率特别高，与肥胖相关的癌症比例也特别高。
Rates of obesity-linked cancers were highest in Egypt, Mongolia and Puerto Rico.
与肥胖有关的癌症发病率在埃及、蒙古和波多黎各最高。
The US ranked eighth worst, as 6.9 percent of all cancers could be traced to obesity.
美国排名第八，其中6.9％的癌症可以追溯到肥胖。
On the other hand, Ethiopia, India and most countries in Southeast Asia all had rates of obesity-related cancers of one percent or less.
另一方面，埃塞俄比亚，印度和大多数东南亚国家的肥胖相关癌症发病率均在1％及以下。
The distinction between wealthy countries with high rates of these cancers and those with wealth but less cancer came down to societal habits.
这些癌症高发的富裕国家和癌症较少的富裕国家之间的区别归结于社会习惯。
Some wealthy nations, such as those in the Asian Pacific, have dodged cancers of obesity because their traditional diets are low-fat and their infrastructures require or encourage people to walk on a daily basis.
一些富裕国家，例如亚太地区的富裕国家，因为他们的传统饮食是低脂肪的，而且他们的基础设施要求或鼓励人们每天步行，从而避免了肥胖癌症。
The opposite is true in the US, where diets tend to be high in carbs, sugar, fat and red meat, and there is nearly one car for every American.
在美国则情况正好相反，美国的饮食往往含有高碳水化合物、糖、脂肪和红肉，而且几乎每一个美国人拥有一辆车。
At the top of its list for public heath priorities, the WHO wants to curb rising rates of obesity worldwide to reduce cancers and the burden of other related diseases, and it sees chancing societal risk factors for obesity as a crucial element to that plan.
世界卫生组织在其公共卫生优先事项清单中的首位，希望遏制全球肥胖率的上升，以减少癌症和其他相关疾病的负担，并将肥胖的社会风险因素视为该计划的一个关键因素。
'The rapid increase in both the prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden highlights the need for a rejuvenated focus on identifying, implementing, and evaluating interventions to prevent and control excess body weight,' the study authors wrote.
研究作者写道:“体重超标的患病率和相关癌症负担的迅速增加，突显出有必要重新关注识别、实施及评估预防和控制体重超标的干预措施。”
'There is emerging consensus on opportunities for obesity control through the multisectoral coordinated implementation of core policy actions to promote an environment conducive to a healthy diet and active living.'
"通过多部门协调实施核心政策行动，促进有利于健康饮食和积极生活的环境，人们正在就控制肥胖的机会达成共识。"
（版权说明，转载自;科学猫科普）
